#stringDemo.py
#demo of basic stuff with strings:
#variable, assignment, concatenation, input output, length/size.
#textual, character data. A sequence of characters.
#useful for names of people, places, things, events. Descriptions. IDs

#string type for a string of characters.
#a string constant is some characters within a pair of " or '

name = "joe"     #assign a string to a variable
print("Welcome:", name)   #value of the string variable is output

name = name + "smith"   # + is string concatenation (sticking together one after the other)
print("and now it's:", name)

firstName = "Fred"
lastName = "Smith"
	
name = lastName + ", " + firstName
#name = "    "  
print("Welcome:", name)
	
#a string can be the argument to the len function, which returns the length of the string
print("this name has this many characters:", len(name))

#inputs all the characters (thus all the words) in the line up to newline:
s = input("Enter a string of characters: ")
print("You entered:", s, "  It has", len(s), "characters in it.")

# ""  the null string (zero characters in it)   len("") is 0
# "     " a string of spaces

print("hello" * 5)

dog_talk = "bow wow  " * 4
print(dog_talk)

num_asterisks = int(input("Enter the number of *'s for a line:"))
print('*' * num_asterisks)


Methods. they don't change the variable
s.strip()   remove leading and trailing whitespace chars
s.upper()   convert to all uppercase
s.lower()
s.startwith('arf')   True/False
s.endswith('arf')
s.find('arf')   index where arf starts
s.replace('arf','garp')   all occurences
"".join(aListOfStrings)   glue them together
";".join(aListOfStrings)   glue them together separated by ;